What Is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs, also called alveoli. These air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, making breathing difficult and reducing oxygen levels in the body. Pneumonia can affect one lung or both lungs and may range from mild to severe depending on age, immunity, and overall health condition.
Common Causes of Pneumonia
Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial pneumonia is one of the common types and may develop after a cold or flu. Viral pneumonia can occur due to respiratory viruses. Fungal pneumonia is less common and usually affects people with weak immune systems or long-term health problems.
Symptoms of Pneumonia
The symptoms of pneumonia can vary from person to person. Common signs include cough, fever, chills, chest pain while breathing or coughing, shortness of breath, tiredness, and phlegm production. Some people may also experience loss of appetite, sweating, headache, or body pains. In older adults, symptoms may be mild and may include confusion or weakness.
Who Is at Higher Risk?
Pneumonia can affect anyone, but certain people are at higher risk. Infants, young children, elderly people, smokers, people with asthma, COPD, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, or weak immunity should be more careful. People who recently had flu, surgery, or long hospital stays may also have a higher chance of developing pneumonia.
When to Consult a Doctor
Medical care is important if cough, fever, breathing difficulty, chest pain, or weakness does not improve. Immediate attention is needed if there is severe shortness of breath, bluish lips, high fever, confusion, or low oxygen levels. Early diagnosis helps in better treatment and prevents complications.
Prevention Tips
Good hygiene, regular handwashing, avoiding smoking, maintaining good nutrition, staying hydrated, and covering the mouth while coughing can help reduce the risk of pneumonia. Vaccination may also be advised for eligible individuals based on age and health condition.
Note: This content is for general awareness only. For proper diagnosis and treatment, consult a qualified healthcare professional.